Thailand

Business cards are exchanged in Thailand, typically at the beginning of a meeting. Present and receive cards with both hands. Take a moment to read the card carefully. It's polite to keep the card on the table during the meeting. Having one side of your card translated into Thai can be a good touch. Titles and academic qualifications are respected.

The traditional Thai greeting is the 'Wai' (palms pressed together, fingers pointing upwards, with a slight bow). While a handshake may be offered by a Westerner, it's best to follow the Thai person's lead. Always return a Wai. Show respect to elders or those of higher status by bowing lower. Avoid touching heads. Use formal titles and surnames until invited to use first names.

Thai business attire is generally conservative and formal. Men wear suits, shirts, and ties, even in hot weather. Women wear smart dresses, suits, or blouses with skirts/trousers that cover shoulders and knees. Modesty is key. Avoid flashy jewelry or overly casual attire. Neatness and cleanliness are highly valued.

Thai meetings often begin with small talk and tea/coffee. Punctuality is appreciated, but flexibility is common. Harmony and maintaining 'face' are paramount; avoid public disagreements. Decisions may take longer than expected, as consensus or top-level approval is sought. Negotiations can be subtle and indirect; patience and persistence are key, focusing on long-term relationships.

Business meals are important for building relationships. Use a fork and spoon for eating; the fork pushes food onto the spoon. Do not use chopsticks unless specifically for noodle dishes. Avoid placing your feet on furniture or pointing them at others. Tipping is not traditional but appreciated in tourist areas (5-10%). Do not discuss business until after the meal, unless the host initiates it. Be prepared for many dishes and shared dining.

Appropriate topics: Thai culture, food, travel, beautiful places, family (general terms), positive observations about Thailand.
Topics to avoid: The Monarchy (absolute taboo to criticize), religion (especially Buddhism, do not touch Buddha images), politics, personal finances, criticizing Thailand, the Vietnam War, anything that could cause someone to 'lose face'.

'Face' (Kaan Raksaa Nah) refers to a person's dignity, reputation, and social standing. Thais go to great lengths to avoid losing face or causing someone else to lose face. This impacts communication (often indirect), conflict resolution (avoiding confrontation), and public behavior. Always aim to help others save face and maintain harmony.

Yes, it is customary to remove your shoes when entering someone's home, temples, and often some businesses. Look for a pile of shoes outside the door as a clue. This shows respect. Always step over the threshold, not on it.