United Arab Emirates

In the UAE, business cards are an important means of initiating a business relationship. Cards should always be handed over and received with your right hand. Business cards with Arabic on one side and English on the other are particularly useful. It's good practice to briefly examine a received card respectfully before putting it into your cardholder.

For men, a light handshake is common. Sometimes, a traditional greeting involving a cheek kiss (on one cheek only) or touching noses might occur, but only reciprocate if the other person initiates. Women should not be offered a handshake first; if a woman extends her hand, you may shake it. Always use your right hand.

Business attire in the UAE is primarily conservative and modest. Men should wear suits, and women should opt for suits or long-sleeved clothing that covers the shoulders and knees. Avoid overly revealing or casual clothing. Stricter dress codes apply when visiting religious sites.

UAE meetings often dedicate significant time to building personal relationships and trust. There might be a prolonged period of drinking tea or engaging in personal conversation before direct business discussions begin. The negotiation process can be very lengthy and slow, requiring flexibility and patience. Final decisions are primarily made by senior executives.

Business meals are an important part of hospitality. When dining, always use your right hand. The left hand is considered unclean, so avoid using it for eating or handing items. If the host offers food, it's polite to accept and try at least a little. Pork and alcohol are forbidden by Islamic law, so they will typically not be served or should be avoided. Tipping is usually included in the bill or a small amount is given.

Appropriate topics: Family (asking about health or well-being), UAE's development, culture, sports (camel racing, falconry), weather, etc.
Topics to avoid: Politics, religion (controversial discussions), Israel, direct comments about women, deep personal questions about private life.

Gift exchange is an important part of hospitality and relationship-building in the UAE. High-quality pens, books, or local specialties from your country are good choices. Absolutely avoid gifts related to alcohol or pork. Use your right hand when presenting a gift, and don't be disappointed if it's not opened immediately.

During Ramadan (which varies by Islamic calendar), business activities may slow down, and working hours might be shortened as people fast during daylight hours. Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during the day. Meetings and dinners are often held after sunset. If visiting during this period, you should show maximum respect for cultural customs.